RETRACTED ARTICLE: Bidirectional DC-DC converter circuits and smart control algorithms: a review

Abstract The entire article has been dedicated to cover the current state of art in bidirectional DC-DC converter topologies and its smart control algorithms, identified research gaps concluded with motivation for taking up work. It covers literature survey buck–boost converters, schemes are carried out on two aspects, one is topology perspective another schemes. Different without transformers converters discussed. Non-isolated establish DC path between input output sides while transformer-based cancel since it introduces AC line lines just like flyback converter. Transformer-less preferred when there no much protection needed load from high voltage levels, also these used high-power applications. can switch power sources load. To do so, use proper algorithms. store excess energy batteries or super capacitors. In contrast, isolated contain their circuits. Due this, offers advantages safeguarding sensitive loads which at side. addition it, multiple ports be established. With isolation sections separated electrical stand point view. isolation, both will not having common ground point. removed due usage transformer converters. contrast features, capable low-power applications switching frequency, size coil reduces hence handle limited rate current. categorized based property so-called Features each presented. Comparative analysis w.r.t all Also scope artificial intelligence Pros cons scheme, i.e. impact scheme